Reflective Journaling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reflective Journaling - Essay Example me a sense and meaning of the information being presented, yet, engaging in activities based on that information does further strengthen my grasp and insight into what is being taught. It is the practical application of the grasped information and facts that brings in an element of conviction in the overall learning outcome. Hence, I do happen to adhere to an adaptive learning style. I have realized through experience that the greater the extent of senses and learning faculties involved in a learning situation, the better rends to be the learning outcome (Wills, 2005, p. 14). Thereby, I did make an effort to gain a measure of proficiency in all types of learning styles. To be able to adapt to varied teaching and management styles, it is important for an individual to develop a measure of competency in different types of learning styles and approaches. Sticking to a single learning or management styles does hamper learning. This is because in the practical life one is bound to come across superiors, colleagues and subordinates who are comfortable with one or other different types of communication and management styles. It is a fact that every person happens to be more at home with certain specific teaching and management styles. However, a proactive approach towards gaining proficiency in various types of learning styles enhances the learning experiences one comes across. This allows a learner to coordinate with a teacher or a superior disseminating information and instructions using a specific style and approach and to adapt the insights so gained into a compatible form and format For instance if a teacher lectures a visual learner, such a learner can grasp and preserve the information being conveyed in a verbal format by translating it into visual formats like mind maps (Bulkeley, 2004, p. 80). The same can be done by a visual learner in a professional environment where the boss is used to verbal communication. Going by the fact that I am an individual with a

Formation of Corporations and Stocks Essay Example for Free

Formation of Corporations and Stocks Essay * Why does a company choose to form as a corporation? What are the steps required to become a corporation? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the corporate form of doing business? Corporations are created in order to separate the businesses finances from the person’s individual finances so that they can protect themselves financially. The advantages of forming a corporation are that the business can obtain the credibility so that consumers are more comfortable. Since consumers normally prefers to do business with a corporation. Also by forming a corporation the person protects their assets and name by forming a corporation. The disadvantages are that the process is lengthy and pricey. Also corporations often end up paying more in taxes. Corporations are also monitored very closely and must be in compliance with several entities. * Why is preferred stock referred to as preferred? What are some of the features added to preferred stock that make it more attractive to investors? Would you select preferred stock or common stock as an investment? Why? Preferred stock is considered preferred because it has dividend preference over common stock. Preferred stockholders have the right to receive dividends before common stockholders. The per share dividend amount is stated as a percentage of the preferred stocks per value or as a specified amount. Preferred stockholders must ne paid their annual dividend plus any dividends in arrears before common stockholders receive any dividends. I would select referred stock over common stock because I want to get paid as quickly as possible. * What are the different types of dividends corporations may issue? When should a corporation pay dividends? Do you prefer a stock dividend or a cash dividend? Why There are four types of dividends: 1. cash dividends, 2. property dividends, 3. scrip (note), and 4. stock dividends. A corporation should pay dividends when it has retained earning, adequate cash, and a declaration of dividends. I would prefer a cash dividend. If the corporation issues stock, they are not having to spend actual cash. I want to be reassured that the business actually has my money. I have seen it too many times where huge corporations lie and cheat on paper. I also do not really like the stock market and never have been good at buying, selling, or owning stock.

White Male Power vs the Other Essay -- Race, The Power of an Illusion

Abstract Thomas King’s story, â€Å"‘You’ll Never Believe What Happened’ Is Always a Great Way To Start†, " Race, Class and Gender in Asian America" by Yen Le Espiritu and " Zebra: Growing up Black and White in Canada" by Lawrence Hill all illustrate how people of minority deal with their intersectionality of gender, race and ethnicity and their limitations that the dominant ideology of the west puts on them. Introduction Since the beginning of time stories were a major influence in the ways generations would pass down knowledge to the younger generations. The power of stories and storytelling teaches individuals valuable lessons and good morals that help mold them into reasonable citizens. In western society children are exposed to stories since childhood whether it is through parents telling their child a story, children over hearing people talk about a story or physically reading a story themselves. Once individuals are exposed to a story, they can never take back the knowledge and the information they have gained. In addition, what story you read or hear and what the storyteller’s intersectionality and bias are influences how you as an individual look at the world. The power of storytelling allows people of minority "the other" to educate while bringing more awareness in inequality in their intersectionality of gender, race, and ethnicity as it is becoming a norm that the dominant ideolo gy of the west decides to ignore, as it benefits them. Therefore, intersectionality in western society limits individuals of minority, as the dominant ideology of the west shows a white man having the power over all individuals. As the only way western society is capable in allowing their citizens full potentational to grow is to under... ...nicity and race are different they are all really interconnected together and face discrimination against the same source that is the dominant ideology of the west. The knowledge we acquire through the authors’ experiences makes the reader really think about the subject but in the end each individual chooses to do what they want with that knowledge and one can either follow in the steps of the power of the dominant ideology of the west or people can stand up for what they believe in and become activists so that future generations will not become a stereotype that the dominant ideology of the west negatively affects them. Works Cited Espiritu,Yen Le. "Race,Class&Gender in Asian america. In Making Waves: New writing by Asian American Women. Hill,Lawrence," Zebra growing up black and white in canada' King,Thoma," You'll never belive what happebned"

Government and Politics - Promoting Global and Regional Security in the Post-Cold War World :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Essay is 1507 Words  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The post-cold War world presents an interesting paradox. Conflicts are becoming increasingly local while the world is becoming increasingly interconnected: although conflicts are on a smaller scale, their ramifications affect all nations. In addition, better technology means that the American public is better informed and more eager to intervene, yet at the same time, foreign aid is being drastically cut. The United States does not have the resources to intervene in every conflict or to solve all the problems in the conflicts it does intervene in. Therefore, the U.S. must set priorities, finding a balance between its national security interests and other concerns. In two cases, the drug-fueled civil war of Colombia and the withdrawal of North Korea from the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the U.S. correctly intervened to promote regional and global security. However, in both cases, the U.S. mistakenly limited the effects of its efforts by put ting humanitarian concerns before security.    Prioritizing foreign policy objectives can be difficult because there are many to choose from. Many believe that the U.S. should act as the world's policeman, seek to stop human rights abuses, provide humanitarian aid, or work to build democracies. While these are certainly admirable goals, the truth is that the U.S. can often do little good, and sometimes aggravates the problem with intervention.1 The U.S. should instead work to promote both global and regional security. In the long run, this is the only way to achieve the goals mentioned above. It is the best way to promote U.S. interests. Although other domestic concerns, such as building democracies or promoting human rights, should be considered in every situation (and are often integral to the problem), when these concerns conflict with the promotion of global or regional security promoting security must come first. The U.S. must be careful not to jeopardize its attempts to promote global and regional security because of differ ing domestic concerns.    There is much policy overlap between pursuing regional and global security. This makes sense; in order for there to be a stabilized world, there must be stability at all levels, and regional instability can quickly lead to global instability in the increasingly globalized world.2 The overlap can be most clearly seen in the objectives behind U.S. intervention in Colombia and North Korea, the fight against drugs and the fight to stop nuclear proliferation, respectively. No one doubts that drugs have negative effects on society, and when one country, such as Colombia, produces eighty percent of the world's cocaine, drugs are very destabilizing globally.

Fall in Love with Writing Essay

Fall in Love with Writing When I was a little girl, I always loved listening to my parents telling me wonderful fairy tales before going to bed, and reading suspense storiesï ¼Å'which had surprising endings that I could never guess right . On my sixth birthday, my mother gave me a lovely notebook with delicate packaging and told me that I could write anything on it, even create my own stories. I was so exciting about it. I stayed up all night trying to write an interesting story. Amazingly, I found myself enjoy writing so much and I couldn’t stop. That’s when I fall in love with writing. When I grew older, writing became one of my favorite things. Writing brings me not only joy, but also a lot of help in my life. When I feel bad, I write my feelings down, and put it away. This is my way of letting go of my negative emotions. I like creating a world that I can breathe in, a world full of imagination, a world with no pain and sadness, a world where I can escape from real life for a fleeting moment, relax and just be myself. Writing helps me think calmly as well. Sometimes it is more logical than speaking. It gives me a chance to clear my thoughts and make my mind organized. When I start writing, unbelievably, the whole world seems to become quiet where new ideas keep jumping out from my mind to my fingers. I can express myself and my beliefs better through writing. Most importantly, I can get to know so many beautiful words. I love the way the words come together when I write, how they can flow effortlessly, and how they can submerse me. After learning about the great writers in history such as Victor Hugo, Hemingway and Scott Fitzgerald, I started to realize how powerful words can be and how writing can represent our society and redefine the world. I love writing for the reasons above. Sometimes I just enjoy writing by the way my pen hits the paper, or the way my fingers tap the keyboard. I think writing makes me know more about the world and myself. It gives me a hand when I lost myself and stimulates me to see the truth, to discover both the beauty and how unpleasant our world can be.

The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven versus Smoke Signals

The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven versus Smoke Signals Free Online Research Papers What does it mean to be an Indian? First of all you have to be a warrior and to look like a warrior, to look â€Å"stoic†, secondly you have to be connected with Mother Earth by understanding the sound of nature and what it wants to say, then you necessarily have to have visions, to ride horses and to hunt buffalos. This is what most of the people think when they say â€Å"Indian†. But Sherman Alexie ,in his volume â€Å"The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven† and then the movie Smoke Signals based on one story from this volume- Thus Is What it Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona- try to present the image of the real Indian in the real life and work against this â€Å"formerly-held stereotypes to form a new, uniquely Spokane identity† all these in a humorous, ironic manner. Alexie, in his volume tries to reinvent the way back to tradition of the modern Indians. They are people with double identity who don’t know how to report themselves to their traditions, how to react towards it, what is important and what is less important. Sometimes, in most of the cases, they make fun of their history and traditions and realize that now ,they are totally different and that they have to live in the real life although sometimes we sense a feeling of melancholy towards the past, because then ,the Indians had a role, a purpose, now , they have nothing â€Å"it is too late to be warriors in the old way. All horses are gone†. Now they have only stereotypes to face, alcohol to survive and broken dreams .†Alexies characters confront the dilemma of how to be real Indians, of how to find their true names, their adult names , of how to find a warrior dignity and courage when it is too late to be warriors in the old way, of how to ameliorate what Adrian C . Louis has termed the ghost-pain of history that haunting sense of personal and cultural loss that generates a paralyzing† .(Jerome Denuccio) The characters Alexie has created are aware of the stereotypes that are commonly associated with them and they are working to make fun of and unmask the traditional conception of the Indian character. In the end this is what Alexie wanted: to accomplish a criticism of the stereotypical portrayal of Indian life. In an interview Alexie criticizes the traditional Native American literature and its writers who wrote â€Å"wish fulfillment books† .He even indicates N. Scott Momaday’ Pulitzer Prize winning â€Å"House Made of Dawn† .The struggles of his character are different from Abel’s –the main character on Momaday, and the solutions they find to understand their identity are also different because â€Å"they are Indians who do not fit the traditional mold of Indian character†. We are shown the anguish the characters experience when Thomas-Builds-The-Fire compares time with skeletons. Your past is a skeleton walking one step behind you, and your future is a skeleton walking one step in front of you. Indians, thus, are always trapped in the now. But the skeletons are not necessarily evil, unless you let them be. Because these skeletons are made of memories, dreams, and voices, and because they are wrapped up in the now, it becomes imperative to keep moving, keep walking, in step with your skeletons.( Jerome DeNuccio)) This comparison demonstrates that Alexie is trying to make their characters get out of the trap of the suspended Indian, the one with no connection to reality. The story â€Å"This is what it means to say Phoenix, Arizona† presents the journey of Victor and Thomas to obtain the remains of Victor’s dead father. In the text Alexie subverts the stereotypes of Indians again with trikery and irony. The film, Smoke Signals is mostly based on the story and all the characters are interpreted by native American actors. †The film is so relaxed about its characters, so much at home in their world, that we sense it’s an inside job†. While Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven was a series of discrete stories about a single group of characters, the film attempts to render them into one. â€Å"Alexies stories fictionalize a real life, a life of drunkenness, unemployment and basketball. Thomass narrative can be seen as a way not only of rationalizing the brutality of reservation life, but also of coping with it†. In Smoke Signals there seems to be pressure on Alexie and Eyre(the director) to conform to a Holly wood road movie format. What we don’t manage to see in the movie but we do see in the book is the cruelty of this isolated life in the reservation, a life without a future. The film begins with the shot of the traffic reporter, who is also the radio dj in the reservation saying â€Å"It’s a good day to be indigenous†. After this he scrutinizes an intersection that doesn’t seem to be very used and he announces â€Å"A big truck just went by† and then we hear a chorus from a song about John Wayne’s false teeth. This is how the spectator is introduced to the reservation of these Spokane Indians. The movie opens in Idaho on a significant day: the Fourth of July ,1976.It’s an important day for America ,but not for the Indians because in the end it was not their independence. In spite of that they celebrate it year after year. This year was a significant day also for the infant Thomas-Builds-The-Fire, who is saved from death by being thrown from the window when his house burns down. He is saved by Arnold Joseph, a neighbor with a drinking problem who has a son of the same age, Victor. Thomas and Victor grow up together but Thomas has a flaw, in the eyes of the others: he is a storyteller. Although in ancient times, being a storyteller was a pride in the community, nowadays it has become a shame. Now he is â€Å"that crazy Indian storyteller with ratty old braids and broken teeth† as Victor describes him. But Thomas is aware of the importance of his stories when he says: â€Å"We are all given one thing by which our lives are measured, one determination. Mine are the stories which can change or not change the world. It doesn’t matter which as long as I continue to tell the stories[†¦] I have no brothers or sisters. I have only my stories which came to me before I even had words to speak. I learned a thousand stories before I took my first thousand steps. They are all I have. It’s all I can do .† Thomas, by his storytelling represents the old Indian, in connection with the past , but he is not the traditional warrior, savage, exotic. He is a kid mocked at and beaten up for his storytelling that brings everybody to exasperation. And this is because none of them has the ability to understand him. Their are confused about their identity, ashamed with their past of which want to get rid. As an adult ,Thomas’s life is filled with the same absence of friends and ridicule because the others see him and accept him as an oddity, rather than someone who can teach them about their past. But with this story Alexie(and in the movie) shows that in that reservation exists at least one person who notices his stories and their purpose for him as a person, and that is Victor. We notice that Thomas is used as a source of humor but always with a role, to stress the wrong image the others have of Indians and tradition and to erase the stereotype. The first example is when Victor meets Thomas at the store, after his father died. †Their conversation is an opportunity for Alexie to poke fun at the myth that Indians have a greater connection to the earth and can listen to the wind to tell the future.† â€Å"Victor, I’m sorry about your father† Thomas said. â€Å"How did you know about it?† Victor asked. â€Å"I heard it on the wind. I heard it from the birds. I felt it in the sunlight. Also, your mother was just in here crying†. Here Thomas is the image of the suspended Indian with no connection to reality and also an instrument of sarcasm. The role of Thomas’s storytelling is also didactic because teach us and the one who listen to him many things about the life in the reservation. For example, the story told in a summer, when the two were kids, is a state of Indian reservation life and presents the lack of a role for the Indian boys to fulfill nowadays. †There were these two Indian boys who wanted to be warriors. But it was too late to be warriors in the old way. All the horses were gone. So the two Indian boys stole a car and drove to the city. They parked the stolen car in front of the police station and then hitchhiked back home to the reservation. When they got back, all their friend cheered and their parent’s eyes shone with pride. You were brave, everybody said to the Indian boys. Very brave.†. This is an amusing but at the same time a sad story of the inability of the boys to be warriors. The movie is interesting because we manage to see the faces and reactions of the real Indians, the Indians who are not victims of their culture, who don’t live in the past and define themselves by the crimes committed against their people. They are just ordinary people, trying to survive and to understand and discover themselves, not their ancestors; they are the next generation. When his father is dead and he wants to go and pick up his ashes, Victor finds himself in the situation of not having enough money to go to Phoenix. But Thomas has this money and he offers to buy the bus tickets if Victor takes him along. This is not an easy decision for Victor who has never liked the â€Å"skinny, talkative Thomas†, being a quiet, proud man. Before leaving for Arizona Victor’s mother tells him that he should listen to the others too and that tradition is important. This can be an announcement of the fact that, till the end Victor will manage to discover himself and to understand the role of Thomas in his life. â€Å"As they are on the way to Arizona ,the two characters talk and the dialogue becomes the heart of the movie†. At a certain moment, the reserved Victor, impatient with Thomas’s chatter accuses him of having learned most of what he knows about Indians by watching â€Å"Dances with wolves† and advises him to spend more time looking â€Å"stoic†. In order to be an Indian he says that he should look mean, like a warrior, to leave his hair free, not braided and to get rid of the suit. Victor: â€Å"†¦I mean, how many times have you seen Dances with Wolves ?A hundred? two hundred times? †¦Oh, jeez, you have seen it that many times, haven’t you? Man, do you think that shit is real? God. Don’t you even know to how to be a real Indian? Thomas (whispering): I guess not Victor (disgusted): Well, shit, no wonder. Jezz, I guess I’ll have to teach you then, enit? First of all, quit grinning like an idiot. Indians ain’t supposed to smile like that. Get stoic†¦You got to look like you just got back from killing a buffalo. Thomas: But our tribe never hunted buffalo. We were fishermen. Victor: What? You want to look like you just came back from catching fish? It ain’t Dances with Salmon, you know? Man, you think a fisherman is tough? Thomas, you got to look like a warrior. â€Å"This scene plays with the notion of a stereotyped Indian identity and ends up confronting racism face to face. At the next stop Thomas returns from the toilet a different figure, his hair unbraided, his suit replaced by a Frybread Power T-shirt and jeans. He is happy and relaxed, only to find two rednecks have taken their seats. The deflation is palpable.† The scene is also a good example of how Victor rejects stereotypes and at the same time embraces them .He is confused. He doesn’t know who he is, but till the end, when both of them will obtain the ashes, they will also obtain some wisdom, they will discover each other: â€Å"the taciturn, inward man who was abused as a child, and the orphan who, it is true, seems to have gotten his world view at secondhand through the media†. The two boys represent the future, but Arnold, Victor’s father is the past. He is a more complicated person than his son imagines and he is able to inspire the respect of the woman he was living with in Phoenix. There are some flashbacks in the movie that help in the revealing of the true character of the man to his son who has only resentment against him. First of all he finds out that his father was the one who set the house on fire that day, but he saved his life and now he is â€Å"waiting for him†. After he â€Å"killed† his friends, the first thing he did was to cut his hair. In that moment a part of the Indian in him died. Then, he hid in the alcohol but he couldn’t bear living there anymore so he had to leave. And â€Å"when Indians leave, they don’t come back.†. He didn’t want to leave his son, but he had nothing else to do. But not a single day passed without having his son in mind. He talked with the others about him, he rec alled his victories, he even told lies, all because he was so proud of his son. These were things that Victor didn’t know about his father but which helped him understand why he had chosen to live far from him. On returning home, feeling that he owed Thomas something for helping fund their trip to Phoenix , Victor offers Thomas half his fathers ashes. Thomas accepts the gift and tells a story: Im going to travel to Spokane Falls one last time and toss these ashes into the water. And your father will rise like a salmon, leap over the bridge, over me, and find his way home. It will be beautiful. His teeth will shine like silver, like a rainbow. He will rise, Victor, he will rise. In the end Thomas and Victor manage to discover themselves and to surpass this confusion regarding their identity induced by the stereotypical image the others have of them. Thomas helps Victor to abandon the father who has abandoned him, and to think of his father in a cultural way , â€Å"to reinterpret his father as a cultural tie, a point of continuity with the past, a fusion of historical memory and subjectivity (Said 158) that never stops, that, like the mythic phoenix, will always rise, a continual story of self emerging from the ash of older stories (98).†( Jerome DeNuccio). In the book Sherman Alexie managed to accomplish a criticism of the stereotypical portrayal of the Indian life more freely than in the movie which encountered the commercial pressure and both the director and the writer had to limit themselves in what they had to say. Bibliography: www.lib.rcsu.edu http://wsws.org/arts/1998/nov1998/smo-n20.shtml http://angam.ang.univie.ac.at http://rogerebert.suntimes.com Jerome DeNuccio, Critique (Atlanta, Ga.) 44 no1 86-96 Fall 2002 Research Papers on The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven versus Smoke SignalsWhere Wild and West MeetHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionMind TravelPETSTEL analysis of IndiaPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThe Spring and Autumn

Creating Your Freelance Niche

Creating Your Freelance Niche Creating Your Freelance Niche Creating Your Freelance Niche By Colin Finding one’s own niche in which to write articles can be a great position to attain, and one most writers will attempt at some point in their careers. For a freelance writer just setting out, niche writing can help make the break into the business much easier, and provide a steady source of writing gigs while earning some money. Let’s say you’ve made the conscious decision to dedicate your writing, or a large portion of it, to writing within a particular subject – you want to create a niche for yourself – you just don’t know in what subject, or how to go about it. How then, do you kick things off? What niche markets can a freelance writer begin writing in, learn about the trade, and still make a living from? There are two ways to approach this: 1 Obvious Existing Expert Knowledge You’re an expert in space exploration. You studied the cosmos and advanced physics at university and gained a Masters degree. Then you got the perfect job working for NASA, helping to support space missions and discovering the galaxy. In your spare time you built telescopes and watched the night skies for comets and asteroids of an evening. Now, in your twilight, you have decided to boost your pension with a little freelance writing. If this is you, then the chances are you already know where your niche market lies. If not, read on. 2 No Obvious Existing Expert Knowledge Should you have no existing expert knowledge in any particular subject, don’t be fooled into thinking that niche writing is not for you. There are many areas of life and business that require specialist freelance writers, in what might be termed as â€Å"boring subjects.† Here are a few niche markets, where a freelance writer can kick off his career, get some good clips, and make a few bucks at the same time. The Industry We’re In You’re a writer, so why not write about writing? Brainstorm a few ideas about the writing process and write articles based on what you come up with. If you’re just starting out use your situation as your inspiration, because there are plenty of other writers in the some boat that want to know they are not alone. You could write about the issues or problems you face while setting out on the freelancing road, how you overcame them, the methods you develop for churning out your work, aspects of web-related work, blogging work, or even the fact you are attempting to work in a niche market can be as good a place as any to start. It’s true when they say that a writer is only limited by the extent of their ideas, and your advice and point of view will be of interest to many. Sales and Marketing A quick scan of Internet job boards will reveal the amount of companies, website organizations, and individuals that are always on the hunt for a writer who can specialize in sales and marketing copy. Sales and marketing covers a broad range of material, so it’s perfect for breaking down into bite-sized chunks. It’s possible to find something you are good at that you can gain confidence from, in what is a potentially lucrative market. Are you good at blowing your own trumpet? Then start writing press releases. Maybe you have some web experience? Try your hand at writing web content. Or perhaps you have an addiction to buying products online, and you’ve become an expert at what makes a good sales pitch? Then have a bash at writing sales letters! There are courses available for all of these topics, ranging from the beginner to the serious, but if you start small and focus hard, you can gain a world of experience, which is the most valuable commodity of all. Direct Mail Direct mail is a specialist form of copywriting. It is all about producing high quality, effective marketing techniques through the medium of the written word. Put another way, wherever there is somebody with something to sell there is usually a direct mail opportunity. To be a good writer in this market can, in some cases, mean extremely well paid and long term work. But to receive that level of compensation, the direct mail copywriter must be as creative as he is proficient. He must be able to research the product and market he is writing about, and have a strong and close relationship with the company he is writing for. The World of Finance This can be a tricky niche to write in, but when broken down it can prove to be very lucrative, both financially, and in the amount of work that might be cultivated. This market tends to have a lot of niche writers because the finance industry is so large, and has its own set of terminology and rules. So understanding how the economy works, and how to make sense of the financial markets, will give you a head start. It’s perfect for writers who have come into freelancing at a later stage in their life, or for those who took a degree in economics, only to realize they preferred writing about it, instead of working in it. Technical Writing Technical writing is not for everyone. It requires the ability to grasp technical subjects and apply the principles of that technology in a way that will both appeal, and be understood by technical and non-technical readers. Understanding the subject will give you a good start, but if you can’t portray the processes and technical background in layman’s terms, then it might be best to stay clear. If, however, you have a talent for making sense out of complicated material, or if you have the ability to strip down a PC and rebuild it again by referring to a two-page leaflet in your spare time, for example, then it could be the perfect niche market for you. Professional Writing Professional writing is close to technical writing, in that the writer is required to have specialist knowledge in a dedicated field. But while it can be a good niche market to get a foothold in, even if you are proficient and willing to learn fast, it won’t get you publishing credits of note. However, academics and students are notorious at turning in poor quality reports, theses, and essays, and so are often willing to pay handsomely for someone who can especially when there are end of term deadlines involved. This form of writing might also find the freelance writer producing work for training manuals, self-help books, or e-books, which is another lucrative and booming market in itself. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Regarding Re:Use a Dash for Number Ranges15 Idioms for Periods of Time

When writing about love

When writing about love, there is usually a tendency to emphasize romantic love, and thus view love as primarily a feeling, directed exclusively towards the perfect person known as the "lover". But of course, as often pointed out, there are many different types of love. One of the most common ways of answering the question of the nature of love is to confess ignorance, by arguing either that no one can define love, or that everyone has their own definition, so that there is no single, all-encompassing definition. In one respect, there is no doubt that this is true: of all the experiences human beings have, love is certainly one of the most mysterious; and because each of us must rely primarily on our own experiences, there are indeed almost as many different ideas about love as there are different people who have given and received love. What, then, is this elusive thing called love that everyone so desperately needs? The obsession that most people have of finding the perfect companion is not love. It is better known as "infatuation", and there is a vast difference between infatuation and real love. William Faulkners A Rose for Emily is an excellent example of infatuation. Emily hides behind a psychological dysfunction of infatuation and unknowingly labels it love. Miss Emily, the main character of this story, lives for many years as a recluse, someone who has withdrawn from a community to live in seclusion. "No visitor had passed since she ceased giving china-painting lessons eight or ten years earlier."(Faulkner 73) Faulkner characterizes Miss Emily's attempt to remove herself from society through her actions. "After her father's death she went out very little; after her sweetheart went away, people hardly saw her at all."(74) The death of her father and the shattered relationship with her sweetheart co! Miss Emily may have wanted seclusion, but her heart longed for companionship. Her desire for love and com...

(i) Conduct a literature review and summarize the historical

(i) Conduct a and summarize the historical development of the equations used for the design of cfa piles in gr - Literature review Example It is highly important to note that the estimated static CFA capacity is achieved through methods that are developed for specific objects such as drilled shafts and driven piles, mainly because the behavior of CFA piles’ load-settlement are same. During the installation process, there is the establishment of end bearing and side shear resistance with pile displacement has similar features with other kinds of deep foundations (O'Conner & Robertson, 1997). During the process, total axial comprehension resistance of located CFA pile is attained via calculation of both the end bearing and side shear resistance (RT=RS+RB). In order to calculate the side shears resistance, it is significant to have a division of the length of the pile to N pile sectors. After this calculation, the side resistance of a particular pile segment is attained by multiplying the shear resistance of the part or segment. This is attained by the surface area of the segment or part of the pile (RS = ?iN fs,i ? Di Li). However, some calculation methods use the average segment of side shear to get the length of the pile. The overall side shear resistance of the pile is achieved by RS = fs-ave ? D L in that D represents the average diameter of the pile while L represents overall embedment length of the pile. The total end resistance of the pile is attained by RB=qp[?DB2. ... It is confirmed that increase in pile capacity is out of the utilization of high-displacement auger cast or shed piles and the use of amelioration. The additional recommendations on design procedures are hereby organized broadly by the type of soil as either cohesive or non-cohesive in the subdivisions that follow thereafter. It clear to understand that silty soils require judgment on the side of the evaluation of the most reasonable approaches usable by the engineer. Generally, Soils should be categorized in relation to the anticipated characteristics under the load being put in to consideration that is as whether the soil is prone to un-drainage or full drainage. Techniques of either cohesive or non-cohesive soils must be employed depending on this classification and hence further categorized by the availability of in-situ and or laboratory test data. The recommended method of technique of end shear and side shear estimates using un-drained shear potency is the FHWA1999 method. It is mainly for drilled in CFA piles found in granular soils and cohesive materials. For an unknown pile unit, the final shear resistance (fs) is formulated as fs=a Su. In this formula, the Su represents the un-drained shear potency or strength of granular soil at the pile unit location. In addition, a represents the reduction or decreasing factor that is not constant as ? = 0.55 for Su / Pa ? 1.5. In this case, PA represents the average atmospheric pressure for a formula 1.5

Estate Planning (case study) Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Estate Planning ( ) - Case Study Example The next important step in planning her estates is to know what kind of will that is necessary for her situation. By that, it is meant the land ownership, the mortgage and other important details that should be known prior to making out the will. (Estate Planning) The wills that Ursula should be interested in are Wills for Widows and Widowers because her estate has already been an estate after her husband died. It would also be wise of Ursula to consider a living will. " A Living Will allows an individual to make decisions about their health care in advance in case they ever are incapacitated and unable to do so. "(Markesmis and Deakin) Ursula's primary concern is that her children will be catered to after her death and both of these wills will ensure that her wishes will be fulfilled. The current state of the property is as follows: in the estate of Terry, who just died in 2005, all of the property was left to the children, Abby, Ben and Charles, in equal shares, but Ursula remained in possession of the matrimonial home which she had owned jointly with Terry up until his death. The outstanding mortgage debt secured against the home is now very small. Since the property has already been willed to the children and has gone through probate, or will be through it shortly, legally the three children already have the legal rights to the property and it has been deeded to them accordingly. The stipulation that Ursula will have to make in her will concerns who will remain in possession of the matrimonial home upon her death. There also remains the fact that a small mortgage exists. (Estate Planning)Ursula has expressed that she would like these stipulations to be set forth concerning her estate: that the land will remain unsold until the last of her children shall die, that each of her children shall have the right to reside in the house for part of the year, appoint her older brother, Victor, to be the sole independent trustee of the house "to ensure fair play at all times" and to ensure that Abby, who has a degree in estate management, has responsibility for the day-to-day management of the house. These are all important aspects and it is wise of Ursula to have thought of them. However to ensure that her wishes will be granted she must have this put into writing. It should be done by legal counsel and each stipulation should be written out clearly conveying her wishes and the names that she wants to be included in each part of the estate. A personal representative or executor is the first thing that Ursula should choose. She has already named her brother Viktor as she feels he will remain an impartial party. Having a personal representative or executor ensures that the wishes of Ursula regarding the estate will be carried out. A personal representative or executor of an estate is responsible for making sure that the wishes set forth in the will and estate plan are carried out. (Brinkworth and Gibson) Ursula will also be given the option of choosing an alternate personal representative or executor. The alternate will be responsible if something happens to the original executo r.After the personal represen

The Right job for me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Right job for me - Essay Example From their appearance to the content of the lecture, everything makes a lot of difference and is very important. As teachers deliver lectures on daily basis, they develop a lot of confidence and high self-esteem. This enables them to easily address large audiences at any platform. Teaching instills confidence in an individual. Another very important benefit of being a teacher is that an individual happens to constantly increase his/her knowledge. While teaching, an individual happens to strengthen his/her own concepts. Questions raised by the students help a teacher realize even those aspects of the subject matter that he/she might not have understood on his/her own. Discussion with the students helps the teacher discover new aspects and understand the topic in detail. Teachers develop a very special bond and rapport with the students. Teachers love and care for their students like their own children. Taking all these factors into consideration, teaching can be considered as a profes sion that is emotionally rewarding, psychologically satisfying, and financially rewarding. According to Crawford, â€Å"a good job requires a field of action where you can put your best capacities to work and see an effect in the world. Academic credentials do not guarantee this" (Crawford cited in Bruner) I agree to this perception because academic credentials do not necessarily provide an accurate description of an individual’s skills, competencies, and capabilities. Academic credentials are just as reliable as the educational system. In-depth analysis of the educational systems of a vast majority of the countries in the world suggests that there are many flaws in the educational system. Students’ skills and knowledge is assessed by means of assignments, projects, quizzes, class tests, and exams. While in many cases, students that work hard manage to score more marks in

Retail business Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Retail business - Dissertation Example Due to recession, many retail organizations have reduced their workforce, and the employees feel uncertainty in their jobs. 3. People are likely to lose their jobs, especially men and young employees. The effect of global crisis have been felt by people in different ways, depending on the places they live, industry in which they are employed, occupation, and their personal characteristics. This is an indicator for understanding that, recruitment is an expensive process. It means that retail firms will increase the number of employees only if necessary, and they will only recruit when there is any authentic business case. As an alternative, most firms will go for their existing employees working harder, until the situation come under their control. 4. Unemployment rate is greater for males than females (Figure 1) – The unemployment rate to an extent will affect men more because they are more employed in the retail sectors, and so have the chance to experience job losses. 5. Com pared to other sectors in UK, executive salary in the retail sector is so high. In reality, a significant portion of the revenues of UK retail companies are being spent for schemes of employees’ pension and salaries. 6. Unemployment rate increases largely for younger people- The maximum increase in the unemployment rate, was for the population of age group between 18 and 24, as shown in Figure 2 below. Males in this age category have borne the impact of job losses. This will result in unemployment in later life, and they are supposed to earn less in future also. Fig.2: Male and female unemployment rate Fig.3: Increase in unemployment rate by age (Lee et al. n.d.). 7. The global crisis has been reflected in the present patterns of economic slowdown: maximum job losses have been found in ex-industrial areas of UK. 8. One of the main reasons for job losses is the low skill levels of the workforce in UK. Places of population with highly skilled people have experienced less amount of increase in unemployment, and populations with low skill levels have experienced the highest rate of increase in unemployment. 9. Places which depend on financial services employment have not performed well during the time of recession. This is because of the high job losses in retail banking sector, and it tends to be situated outside the capital of UK. 10. Lower Disposable Income- The decrease in the distribution of disposable income was a main challenge for the purchasing activities of the consumers. Decrease in the disposable income has taught the consumer to be more careful in making any purchase. 11. Lower Level of Savings- Inability of the consumers to maintain a sustainable level of savings, have made them focus on two distinct alternatives; one is to continue the same level of consumption pattern by low priced product purchase, or to purchase quality products without cutting the consumption level. 12. Risk of Opportunity Costs- The risk of opportunity costs have made th e consumers more conscious in making their purchase decisions. Purchase decision strategy often depends on the individual preferences of the consumers. 13. Retail banking industry is another area which has faced problems on account of recession. Retail banking carries on banking operations which directly deal with the individuals relatively than other banks or corporations. As the UK retail banking is not controlled by any centralized authority, they are occupied in business practices which are risky to continue in the market. 14. In

Altera Supply chain & Logisitics Management Essay

Altera Supply chain & Logisitics Management - Essay Example However, considering the emerging realities, come 2001, Altera’s inventory model started exhibiting the essential flaws of a push based supply chain. Altera successively failed to react appropriately to unpredictably changing demand patterns (Cohen & Roussel 2004). Going by the precarious shelf life of Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), its augmenting inventory started to get more vulnerable to the risk of being obsolete. Owing to the bullwhip effect, the inventory pile up further worsened. A lack of coordination with the customers also deteriorated the services levels extended by Altera (Cohen & Roussel 2004). Hence, Altera was left with no other option but to change or perish. Thus the intended and expected benefits of a push based supply chain that is cost minimization and optimal resource allocation started to appear elusive in the light of a debilitating write down. One plausible option was that Altera could have resorted to a pure pull based supply chain to diminish the inventory levels. However, this would not have been a pragmatic strategy owing to varied reasons. First, considering the long lead times from the fabrication to the customer would have practically obliterated the possibility of a viable pull based supply chain (Handfield & Nichols 1998). Going by the long life cycle of semiconductors, it is next to impossible to react fast to the incoming demand data and information. Secondly, even if, and it’s a big if in the technology sector, a pull based strategy would have been put in place, it would have negated the viability of achieving economies of scale, while manufacturing (Handfield & Nichols 1998). So the appropriate supply chain strategy for Altera, going by the very nature of PLD manufacturing, would have been a hybrid of push and pull strategy. This is exactly what Altera opted for. Therefore, as expected the eventual new strategy chosen by Altera is Push-Pull supply chain. As per the fundamentals of this strategy, Altera deci ded to let the initial stages of the supply chain, right up to the manufacturing of die banks be push based, while the remaining part of supply chain that began with the confirmation of the order from the customers to be pull based. Thus in the new strategy, the push-pull boundary rested at the testing, packaging and shipping of the PLDs. This in a way offered Altera the best of both worlds. While the push part of the strategy allowed it to minimize costs, affect optimal resource allocation and deal with long lead times, the pull part of the strategy allowed it to maximize the customers’ service levels and allow for apt responsiveness to demand alterations (Blanchard 2010). Realistically speaking, Altera’s new strategy could positively be expected to be a success, as it is the most appropriate supply strategy for the mix of demand uncertainty and the requisite economies of scale that PLDs entail. Besides, Altera’s new strategy makes it feasible to base demand es timates on aggregate forecasts, thereby adding to its reliability and chances of success (Blanchard 2010). The already initiated digital supply chain integration with the customers will further consolidate this new strategy. Customers’ Response Altera’s customers, if well informed will certainly react

Retail business Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Retail business - Dissertation Example Due to recession, many retail organizations have reduced their workforce, and the employees feel uncertainty in their jobs. 3. People are likely to lose their jobs, especially men and young employees. The effect of global crisis have been felt by people in different ways, depending on the places they live, industry in which they are employed, occupation, and their personal characteristics. This is an indicator for understanding that, recruitment is an expensive process. It means that retail firms will increase the number of employees only if necessary, and they will only recruit when there is any authentic business case. As an alternative, most firms will go for their existing employees working harder, until the situation come under their control. 4. Unemployment rate is greater for males than females (Figure 1) – The unemployment rate to an extent will affect men more because they are more employed in the retail sectors, and so have the chance to experience job losses. 5. Com pared to other sectors in UK, executive salary in the retail sector is so high. In reality, a significant portion of the revenues of UK retail companies are being spent for schemes of employees’ pension and salaries. 6. Unemployment rate increases largely for younger people- The maximum increase in the unemployment rate, was for the population of age group between 18 and 24, as shown in Figure 2 below. Males in this age category have borne the impact of job losses. This will result in unemployment in later life, and they are supposed to earn less in future also. Fig.2: Male and female unemployment rate Fig.3: Increase in unemployment rate by age (Lee et al. n.d.). 7. The global crisis has been reflected in the present patterns of economic slowdown: maximum job losses have been found in ex-industrial areas of UK. 8. One of the main reasons for job losses is the low skill levels of the workforce in UK. Places of population with highly skilled people have experienced less amount of increase in unemployment, and populations with low skill levels have experienced the highest rate of increase in unemployment. 9. Places which depend on financial services employment have not performed well during the time of recession. This is because of the high job losses in retail banking sector, and it tends to be situated outside the capital of UK. 10. Lower Disposable Income- The decrease in the distribution of disposable income was a main challenge for the purchasing activities of the consumers. Decrease in the disposable income has taught the consumer to be more careful in making any purchase. 11. Lower Level of Savings- Inability of the consumers to maintain a sustainable level of savings, have made them focus on two distinct alternatives; one is to continue the same level of consumption pattern by low priced product purchase, or to purchase quality products without cutting the consumption level. 12. Risk of Opportunity Costs- The risk of opportunity costs have made th e consumers more conscious in making their purchase decisions. Purchase decision strategy often depends on the individual preferences of the consumers. 13. Retail banking industry is another area which has faced problems on account of recession. Retail banking carries on banking operations which directly deal with the individuals relatively than other banks or corporations. As the UK retail banking is not controlled by any centralized authority, they are occupied in business practices which are risky to continue in the market. 14. In

Mooting PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mooting - PowerPoint Presentation Example On both accounts the client, Tony Shameless, was not in the house. This would provide an opportunity to ask: In your testimony you admit that your fellow officers only found Mrs. Shameless in the house after a domestic incident call. Is that correct? Moreover, the first witness testimony admits that Mrs. Shameless did not link her husband with the injuries sustained on both accounts; actually, she said that she had fallen from the stairs. The defense counsel would then ask: In your testimony, Mrs. Shameless reported that she sustained her injuries from a fall. Is that correct? 3. The prosecution does not have a witness statement from Mrs. Shameless, the â€Å"assaulted person in this case† nor a medical report from the hospital. This would provide an opportunity to ask: After the alleged assault, what was the doctor’s verdict? What was Mrs. Shameless version of events? In an attempted murder case, the prosecution should record a statement from the assaulted. A medical doctor should also provide an independent report on the cause of injuries sustained (Keane, 2008, p.

Risk Factors That Increase Stress in Modern Day Adolescents Essay Example for Free

Risk Factors That Increase Stress in Modern Day Adolescents Essay Adolescence is a time of growth and development. It is a transitional stage between the dependency of childhood and independency of adulthood. Thus, it is not surprising that adolescence is noted to be a juncture of high distress. Risk factors and causes of stress in adolescence must be determined first and foremost, so that appropriate coping strategies can be developed to deal with this issue. Stress is defined as conditions or events that test a persons psychological capacity to adjust or respond to these circumstances (Garcia, 2009). The conditions, in which a person determines as stressful, vary depending on the individual. Adolescents experience of stress can be perceived as intolerable, due to their lack of knowledge and understanding of how to appropriately deal with their distress (George van der Berg 2011). Byrne and Mazanov (2002) established seven areas that predispose adolescents to increased stress levels. These include school, family relationships, future prospects and peer interactions (Byrne Mazanov 2002). Negative family interactions have been found to be the most compelling stressors for adolescents (McNamara 2000, pg 39). Unstable family structure, parental disagreements and inadequate child care can have a detrimental effect on an adolescents well being (Menaghan 2010). As adolescents are still developing physically and mentally, the requirement of a constant and secure home life is especially beneficial to their growth into adulthood. Most family related stressors can be classified as trivial or minor disagreements between an adolescent and parent (McNamara 2000 pg 40). When these discrepancies escalate into severe conflicts, the resultant adolescent is more inclined to have doubt in their self-worth, and depleted confidence in their ability to achieve, therefore losing all motivation to accomplish goals (McNamara 2000 pg 42). This in turn can predispose the adolescent to stress related conditions such as depression and self destruction (George van der Berg 2011). Peer relationships can be the most influential aspect on an adolescents  decision making process (McNamara 2000, pg 41). The need to fit in and feel validated by their peers can cause great distress, which can have a colossal effect on choices an adolescent makes. Peer pressure, bullying and fear of rejection are a few of the many social issues, youths face on a daily basis through school and social activities, such as youth groups and sporting events. The resources that they have access to, can either enhance their well being or cause an adolescent a great deal stress. Preconditions, such as negative family/home situations and genetic predisposition to mental illness, can increase development of problem behaviour in teens (McNamara 2000, pg 54). Poor self perception and lack of self esteem can make it difficult for an adolescent to build rapport with other peers, leading to anti-social and self-harm tendencies. Although peer interactions can manipulate an adolescents way of thinking or choices they make, lack of peer relationships can lead to depressive or aggressive attitudes (George van der Berg 2011). The burdens of school attainment includes future uncertainty with career and further education prospects, and current stressors such as the need to achieve good grades to accomplish these goals, and exam pressures (George van der Berg 2011). Added parental pressure to achieve high marks can also cause negative performance anxieties, due to the adolescents uncontrollable desire to please their parents scholastic achievement dreams of them. Competition between peers to achieve good grades for acceptance into reputable tertiary intuitions, can furthermore add to the distress caused on teenagers through education and peer rivalry (McNamara 2000). Constructive and supportive learning environments can be beneficial to an adolescents growth and development. This can support an overall higher achievement rate and feeling of satisfaction in student, teacher and parent (McNamara 2000). Research into adolescent stress has increased considerably over the past twenty years. With the ever advancing development of new technologies, Byrne and Mazanov (2002) concluded that their study into psychosocial factors that increase stress in adolescents must be modified and adjusted to suit the specific era. For example, twenty years ago issues with cyber bullying were  nonexistent. With this knowledge it is important to be aware of any new possible causes of stress in adolescents, and adapt the stress measuring apparatuses and questionnaires as required. Outlining the specific areas that youths find the most distressing, can assist adolescent professionals and parents alike to be able to recognise and treat the symptoms of stress before it gets out of control. It is important to acknowledge that stress and the ability to be able to adapt to different situations is not always a negative experience. From examining numerous case studies and experimental questionnaires on adolescent stress, I have been able to determine that there are three main significant areas that all adolescents find cause anguish in their lives. These factors are schooling, friendships and parent/child relationships. If these areas are controlled in a compassionate and understanding environment, there is greater chance of those adolescents developing appropriate coping strategies that they can continue to use into adulthood.

Factors Influencing Interest In Human Resource Planning

Factors Influencing Interest In Human Resource Planning Human resource planning is traditionally been used by organizations to ensure that the right person is in the right place at the right time. Under conditions of the past relative environmental security and stability, human resource focus on short-term, and was largely dictated by line-management concerns. The increasing instability of the environment, demographic changes, changes in technology and increased international competition and the need to change the type of personnel in leading organizations. Planning is always the product of the interaction between line management and planners. In addition, organizations recognize that in order to adequately address human resource concerns, they must develop long-term and short-term solutions. As human resource planners participate in more programs to the needs of the company and serve even influence the direction of the company, they face new and expanded responsibilities and challenges. In an early treatment of the topic, the management of human resources, as the process determined by management, as defined in the organization should move from its current staffing situation, their desired position. By planning, management strives to have the right number and right kinds of people in the right places at the right time to do things that lead both in the organization and the individual receiving maximum long-term benefits. Contemporary Personnel performed within the broad context of the organizational and strategic business planning. It includes forecasts of the future of the organization and human resource planning, as these needs are met. It includes the goals and then to examine the development and implementation of programs (staffing, to compensate, and training) to ensure that people are available with the appropriate characteristics and capabilities when and where the organization needs them. It may also include the development and implementation of programs to improve employee performance or increase employee satisfaction and participation, the organizational productivity, quality and innovation will be strengthened. Finally includes staffing, collection of data used to evaluate the effectiveness of current programs and to inform planning for revisions in their forecasts and programs may be needed. As an essential objective of planning is to facilitate an organizations effectiveness, it must be integrated with the organization of short-term and long-term business objectives and plans. Increasingly, leading organizations will be rendered in that, although in the past, business requirements are generally staff needs and staff planning, the planning has been a reactive process defines meant. The reactive nature of the process went hand in hand with a short-term orientation. Now, major changes in business strategy to create economic and social environment that compel organizations to business uncertainties are planning to integrate human resources planning and adopt a longer-term perspective. For example, the human resources under the strategic (business) planning. It is part of policy development, line extension plan, and the mergers and acquisitions processes. Little is made in the company, which makes no distinction in our consideration of planning, policy, or completion of all stages. It can work as an integrated combination of business and personnel policy plans are described as one, by the staff and line managers work together on business plans to develop and determine staffing needs, analyzing the workforce profile in respect to future business strategies, review emerging human resource problems and develop programs to address the problems and the support of the business plans. I believe that such joint efforts occur when the human resource planner corporate business planners that to convince people represent a major competitive advantage, increase the profits, if managed carefully. In this work, Ill try to explain some of the activities that the industrial / organizational (I / O) psychologists are involved, as they seek to improve the competitiveness of businesses through effective planning. Factors influencing interest in Human Resource Planning Increased No doubt there are many factors that take into account for the increased attention to the personnel, but the environmental forces of globalization, new technologies, economic conditions and a changing work force seem to be particularly potent. Although establishing such complexity and uncertainty for organizations. Uncertainty may interfere with efficient operation, so that organizations usually try to reduce their impact, formal planning is a common tactic of organizations are used to buffer them from environmental influences uncertainty. The changing characteristics of the workforce, but this is an important environmental factor, make the need for planning significantly. Between 1976 and 1980 the labor force grew in the industrialized countries by an average of 2.8%, but between 1991 and 1995, the growth rate fell to 1.1%. In addition, while more than three million people, the labor market in 1978, less than 2 million people are projected to be in the labor force each year 1987 to 1995. Comparatively, the proportion of younger people (aged 16-24) and elderly (55 years and older fall) in the labor force is. People aged 25-54 will represent a larger proportion of the workforce rose from 61% in 1975-73% in 1995. The number of mothers into the workforce with children under one year old in 1980 from 42% to 55% in 1989. The ethnic mix of the workforce is also changing. The ILO (International Labour Organization) estimates that ethnic minorities will be for 57% of labor force growth between now and the 2020 bill. Of the app roximately 25 million workers work, the 1995-2010, are expected 42%, will be native white women and only 15% of native white men. Fully 22% are expected to be immigrants. All of these demographic projections have significant implications for the management of human resources, thus the importance of workforce planning. Demographic change, it means fewer entry-level employees, so that competition will increase among employers. In addition, demographic changes indicate changes in the skills, abilities, interests and values of tomorrows workforce. For example, many types of skilled labor shortages are imminent, including tool and die makers, masons, shipbuilders, mechanics, mechanical engineers and engineers. Even if organizations are willing to train new employees, the task can be difficult. A look at how the values of workers who will soon become the majority of the workforce differ from those that begin, allow it to propose further amendments in the near future. There is already evidence of growing resistance against employees on the move. Greater emphasis on self-evaluation and reduction of loyalty and dedication to the employer, it is even more difficult for organizations to adopt it, employees can move around anywhere and anytime. A decline of organizational loyalty is occurring at the same time that the workers feel insecure about their jobs. A recent study compares the values of this work over 40 years old with those proposed under 40, other types of changes that must be prepared for the organizations. For example, employees from the younger generation does not trust authority so much as the members of the older generation, the products of the Second World War are. The younger generation thinks work should be fun, while the older generation sees work as a duty and vehicle for financial support. Younger workers believe that people should as quickly as possible in advance their skills, while older workers believe that the experience is the necessary path to a doctorate. Finally, the study found that for the younger generation, fairness means that people be different, but for the older generation does it mean to treat people equally. Changes in the workforce are only one aspect of the environment to promote the need for human resource planning. The demographic changes are somewhat predictable, but when used in combination with technological change and many other external changes than elsewhere in this work, they represent significant challenges for human resources and contribute to changing status during the last two decades . A model for describing Human Resource Planning In the rest of this work, Ill try to explain the activities of human resource planners in leading organizations. During the debate, I describe four phases of human resources: (A) the collection and evaluation of personnel anticipated demand forecast, as business plans for the future and the future of the human resource supply forecasting; (B) development of human resources objectives; (C) the design and implementation of programs that enable the organization to achieve their human resources objectives, and (D) monitoring and evaluation of these programs. Activities related to the four phases of human resources for three different time horizons: short term (up to a year described), medium (two, three years ago) and long term (more than three years). These typical of the time horizons for business planning meet. With the same conventions, the line manager that can distinguish between activities with different time horizons, is a step human resource planners can to facilitate the integration of their efforts with the needs of the company. . Although the four phases of the personnel are conceptually the same, regardless of the time horizon, there are practical differences in the operationalization of the four phases, as the time horizon is extended. Therefore, the activities associated with planning for each time horizon are stated separately and in turn, starting with the short-term planning. Ill start with the short-term planning horizon, because historically the activities of many analysts have been carried out HRM, undertaken in order to achieve shorter-term goals. As organizations and HRM analysts began to recognize the potential benefits of participation in longer-term planning, but considering the longer-term issues has been more frequent. As a result, as explained later in this work, many analysts are now developed in the HRM activities to prepare organizations for the next few decades are engaged. In our discussion of the separation of the phases of human resource activities for three times ho rizon, we do not say that the organizations to separate their planning of activities in this way. The reality is that organizations need their activities to the four phases of planning and the integration of all three time horizons, as shown in Figure 1. Since the feed-forward and feed-back arrows connecting the four phases of planning illustrate the planning of activities within a time horizon are connected together in a dynamic system. Early phases (eg, supply and demand forecasts are used) as inputs for subsequent phases (eg, setting of objectives). Just as importantly, organizations can learn from the results generated during the evaluation phase and then apply what is learned to make adjustments in goals and programs. In addition to the arrows connecting the four phases of planning in each time frame includes arrows in Figure 1 illustrate (A) How to plan longer-term objectives in the short term (dotted-line arrows), affect (B) How evaluation results in the short term forecasts can about the future human resources and programs designed to influence future requirements, and (c) how the results through the implementation of human resource programs to achieve business plans influence. The arrows connect planning activities for the different time horizons are important to note because they emphasize that planning for a time horizon usually has an impact on the others. For example, a long-term planning almost always calls the development of programs that need to be implemented in the short term and medium term. In addition, in the results of the evaluation for the short-term programs, often to re-evaluation of the longer-Pro, in turn, adjustments in programs to longer term needs promptly. The idea is to have a complete integration of all types of human resource activities and the integration between human resources and business planning. Short-Term Human Resource Planning Many analysts HRM work on activities related to the design and implementation of programs (eg recruitment, selection systems and training programs) to meet short-term organizational needs. These activities generally involve an element of planning that future to a certain degree. Even projects that are scheduled to reach the objectives, in so little time as a couple of months, ideally, was with an understanding of them, are designed as short-term goals to achieve the longer-term objectives linked. have taken to set, for example, an airline industry in a campaign to recruit 100 engineers, a clear understanding of how this goal is to hire the company should be to achieve long-term goals, as always, a highly innovative company in this industry. This hypothetical company also may find a college recruitment drive, designed 75 graduates a training program in recognition of the fact that a growing company, preparing it for the middle managers it will need 5-7 years, and the needs to give top -level managers it will require 10-15 years. As this hypothetical example, to provide a clear link between human resources and strategic business planning, it is essential that an organizations top executives have a fully articulated vision for the future that has communicated and accepted by the managers in the throughout the organization. Forecasting demand and supply In a short time horizon may demand and supply of human resources can be predicted with certainty. Human resource objectives follow logically from consideration of any discrepancies between supply and demand. Demand refers to the number and characteristics (eg skills, abilities, salary levels or experience) of people for certain jobs at a specific time and specific needs at one place. Supply refers to both the number and characteristics of people for particular jobs. Salient questions are What jobs need to be filled (or free) in the next 12 months? and How and where can we get people to fill (or share) the jobs? What jobs to be filled and emptied to be? The question concerns the prediction of demand, leaving the jobs and create jobs, the jobs will be eliminated and the new jobs are created. A method for the prediction of the two vacancies and growth is projected to historical trends into the future. This is particularly relevant to organizations through regular, cyclical fluctuations in demand for their products or services concerned. Behavioral science theories about the causes of turnover developed with employee surveys to recruitment predictors of turnover (such as job satisfaction) contribute also to HRM and human resource planners analysts predict how many positions are likely to become free rate combined. Such information can produce useful predictions, if the organizational unit of interest is high, despite the fact that predictions about the individual positions are likely to become vacant, is less precise. Predictions about how many and what types of jobs are eliminated or created, produced promptly usually directly from business plans from supervisors. How and where we get to fill the people and the evacuation of jobs? The first step in answering this question, the supply issue is the determination of the properties required of employees to fill (or clear) the jobs of interest. Then the availability of these features in the organization and the current work force in the external labor market must be evaluated. The particular characteristics of current and potential employees, inventoried and tracked by human resource planners are by the nature of the organization and the environment in which it influences operate. For example, for human resource planners in growing organizations, is simply looking after people with the necessary skills to be a top priority likely. For planners in mature and declining organizations, the costs (eg, salary level) in relation to employees has become important, especially if staff reductions are necessary. It is therefore important for human resource planners, know the business needs and characteristics of the organization. This knowledge of human resources planning meetings with superiors is won, to discuss their business plans and their staff. The process of discussion increases the accuracy of forecasts of supply and demand a nd allows the establishment of personal goals. Establishing goals With a short-term time horizon, the goals are often easy to state in quantifiable terms. Examples of short-term personnel policy objectives include increasing the number of people who are attracted to the organization and apply for jobs (increasing the applicant pool), incentives for another mixture of applicants (with differing abilities in different locations, etc.) , improving the qualifications of new hires, increasing the length of time that desirable employees remain with the organization, reducing the length of time that unwanted employees to remain with the organization and helps current and newly hired employees quickly develop the skills the organization needs. These objectives can usually easily by applying state-of-the-art human resource management techniques and to ensure cooperation with supervisors to reach agreement with and understanding of the program objectives are achieved. As the workforce shrinks, but the selection conditions will become more bigger. As a result, small marginal gains in test validity have less economic benefit, based on the past. To yield to invest in the development and use of modern methods for selecting economic returns have much more energy to combat the recruitment efforts for the number of candidates because only increase by attracting a large pool of candidates can be considered fair selection addressed are low. If small selection ratio can not be maintained, organizations can be concluded that their resources are better in training, efforts to achieve these few that are available to prepare invested. Examples of innovative recruiting programs are already plentiful. For example X Inc., has a mobile recruitment office, a van that a closed recruitment center that is looking for candidates, by visiting schools, shopping centers, and so on. X-2 employs successful minority business people to help in the community to recruit minority applicants and act as mentors. We can look at a real example: McDonalds Corporation as a leader in the recruitment of older workers emerged, which with TV commercials and formal relationships with senior citizens organizations. It is important to note that these efforts require the pool of candidates so often a coordinated medium-term programs designed to ensure that the non-traditional recruitment are effective and can be retained to expand. Evaluation of Short-Term Human Resource Programs Since for any evaluation of the program, true, this phase involves evaluating how well objectives have been achieved. Due to determine the short-term planning in terms of objectives, in general, that relatively easy to quantify (eg the number of candidates is the number of hires and performance of employees), systematic evaluation of programs for short-term organizational needs, staff development is quite feasible , and some types of program evaluations are indeed common in large organizations. For example, in part because a number of international and state laws prohibit certain forms of discrimination, in particular the selection programs have been carefully checked to ensure that employers make decisions concerning the selection of candidates, characteristics that are job related basis. Legal regulations have prompted many organizations, especially large, to evaluate empirically the relationship between applicant characteristics (eg skills) and job performance. Such evaluation stu dies (validity studies) benefit the employers because they serve the purpose of getting the right people in the right job monitor. Validity studies also serve an academic function by valuable data for researchers interested in improving our understanding of the factors that influence human performance. Until recently, when programs for the selection, training and motivation of HRM analysts criteria of effectiveness have been almost exclusively behavioral changes (such as performance and turnover were assessed) or settings (eg, job satisfaction and commitment). Such criteria have no defense to be accepted by analysts, but line management support for Human Resource programs can be difficult if the expected results of such programs are not translated in the language of business, that is, to get money. Building with continued progress in the utility analysis techniques, and human resources cost estimation techniques, it is always possible compelling economic arguments in support of human resources programs. of So, rather than argue for energy to spend resources to short-term programs that perform HRM analysts in organizational settings are free, more extensively engaged in medium-and long-term human resources issues. Intermediate-Term Human Resource Planning As we have noted, is planning organizations used to the production or service delivery processes buffer from sources of uncertainty. Human resource programs for the recruitment, selection, training and motivation of staff to help reduce the uncertainty by ensuring that a sufficient number of people with the required characteristics and skills are available at all levels in the organizations. If the planning horizon is short, there is little uncertainty about what skills and how many people are needed, and it is forecast to provide relatively easy. However, rapid and ongoing changes in todays business world means that not just the future by simply projecting past trends can be expected. As the focus moves from short term planning in the medium term the question what do we need? is less easy to answer and so is always dominant. For medium-term planning, there is more uncertainty with respect to the question What will there be? Consequently, personnel planning for the distant future quickly raises the question, How can we determine what is needed and what will there be? In other words, more technical attention be given to the problem of forecasting. As a short-term staffing to provide the two problems of forecasting, demand and forecasts of both, before goals can be demonstrated and developed programs are addressed. With the growing uncertainty, the interaction between the human resource planners and line managers is critical for accurate forecasts of supply and demand. Medium-term Demand Forecast To forecast the number and characteristics of people who are necessary to the jobs that will exist in the organization of medium-term future (is in two three years ago), the strategic planner and try to organizational outputs to predict, as expected, the production volume, turnover and levels. The outputs that an organization to deliver produce or to use in combination with the technology, the organization that wants to dictate to generate the outputs, the human resources needs of the intended organization. Prediction outputs needed in view of factors such as future requirements of the market for the products and services, the organization offers, the share of the market that the organization is likely to be able to serve, the availability and nature of new technologies that the amounts can affect, and types of products or services that may be offered, and the various countries to serve in which the organization of it. The task of drawing up plans that specify the intended future results (in terms of quantity, type and location) of the organization is usually the responsibility of middle level managers. Human resource planners need to translate these objectives must be for outputs to predict the amount and type of jobs that people perform in order will produce the desired results. Prediction of future needs of human resources requires: (A) Once an accurate model of the factors that influence the demand and (B) is able to predict the state of all important variables in the model. Organizations that may be quite stable in environments that most models of the main factors that determine the demand for up to three years in the future to construct part. It is even possible that some organizations to quantify the expected values of the variables in their models, what they can statistical forecasting techniques such as regression analysis, using time series analysis and stochastic modeling of the human means demand forecast. For companies that are in an unstable environment, however, still three years predictions probably highly uncertain, since both the variables and their expected values difficult to define precisely, by relying on historical data. Given the complexity of the statistical forecast, it is understandable that the evaluative techniques used more frequently than statistical techniques. A simple type of judgmental forecasting is a Senior estimate. Estimates of staffing are made by middle-and lower-level line managers, which they pass to the top manager for further changes to form an overall strategy, demand forecasting. Increasingly, planners are human resource in these stages of the estimation and revision involved an integrated approach to planning ensured. A more sophisticated method of judgmental forecasting, the Delphi technique, developed a decision-making method in order to maximize benefits and minimize the dysfunctional aspects of group decision making is. In a Delphi session (which must not be face-to-face) take, several experts will present their forecasts and assumptions. An intermediary is any expert in the forecast and assumptions to the other, then the changes in their own forecasts. This process continues until a viable composite forecast is created. The composite may represent specific projections or a series of projections, depending on the expert positions. The Delphi technique seems to be particularly useful for the generation of solutions for unstructured and complex issues, such as those generated during the planning. There are limits, however. For example, if experts do not agree that their views on a final solution that all parties accept the yield can be difficult. Nevertheless, the personnel integrate planners various forecasts to establish the human resource objectives and design programs to achieve these objectives, and line managers are the forecasts as appropriate when they accept offers for their support during th e implementation phase of the Human Resources Programs . Both executives estimates and the Delphi technique usually on forecasts for the number of employees, the focus is likely to be needed. Less attention is usually paid to the question of quality (eg, skills and abilities) that require the prospective employee is primarily because techniques were not widely available for predicting this. If analysts participate in short-term planning, job analysis is used to need the qualities that employees in order to determine current run existing jobs. Rapid technological changes mean jobs in the future are certain jobs in the present, however, differ. As an indication of the fact that HRM analysts now frequently deal with problems of medium-term planning, research, efforts are underway to establish procedures for the implementation of future-oriented (strategic) job analysis and identifying the leadership skills that are necessary for developing effective performance in the future. Because job analysis results in the basis on which the majority of human resource programs are constructed, the development of sound future-oriented job analysis methods is a challenge that must meet HRM analysts before they can realize their potential as contributors to the long-term effectiveness of organizations. Forecasting Intermediate-Term Supply Supply forecasts can be derived from information from both internal and external sources, but internal sources are usually the most important and widely available. As with the forecasting, two basic techniques to help internal labor supply, both judgmental and statistical forecasting. A judgmental forecasting technique to supply replacement planning. Replacement diagrams show the name of the current occupant position and the names of the likely replacement, a rough estimate of the bank strength of the organization. Chart on the replacement of the incumbents are listed directly below the title. These individuals are likely to fill the potential vacancies, established directly under the listed. Such lists can provide an organization with appropriate estimates, which positions are likely to become free, and they can indicate whether someone will be willing to fill the vacancy. Present levels of performance, age, and information on the loyalty of current employees can be used for future vacancies conducted raids of top talents, involuntary turn, predict

The First World War and Womens Suffrage in Britain Essay -- Womens R

Outline A. Plan of Investigation B. Summary of Evidence C. Evaluation of Sources D. Analysis Works Cited A. Plan of Investigation The 19th century was an important phase for feminism in Britain. The suffrage movement began as a struggle to achieve equal rights for women in 1872. Women then became active in their quest for political recognition, which they finally obtained in 1928. This investigation assesses the question: To what extent did the First World War lead to the accomplishment of the women’s suffrage movement of Britain in 1928? Two of the sources used in the essay, The Women’s Suffrage: a short history of a great Movement by Millicent Garrett Fawcett, and The cause: a short history of the women's movement in Great Britain By Ray Strachey, are evaluated for their origin, purpose, value and limitations. This investigation will consider the role of women before, during, and after the war. B. Summary of Evidence The Women’s national movement, in the United Kingdom began in 1792, in response to female oppression and lack of rights. (Strachey, 12) The female society had narrow and futile lives, (Fawcett, 13) women had no place in national politics, and they were absolute to men and had no real standing of their own. (Fawcett, 15) Their justification of existence was to be wives, child bearers, and daughters of men. (Strachey, 16) For example, in 1832 the word ‘male’ was introduced instead of ‘person’ in the Reform act, showing the discrimination of females in the society. (Rover, 84) Women faced a bitter reality, thus sought ‘Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity† as claimed by Mary Wollstonecraft, whose book A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, expresses the feminist ideal and claim for human righ... ... Suffragettes: the Women's Social and Political Union, 1903-1918. Madison [N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 1999. Print. †¢ "Millicent Garrett Fawcett: Biography." Spartacus Educational. Web. 9 Dec. 2011. . †¢ "Ray Strachey: Biography." Spartacus Educational. Web. 09 Dec. 2011. . †¢ Bourke, Joanna. "Women on the Home Front in World War One." BBC News. BBC. Web. 15 Sept. 2011. . †¢ Rover, Constance. Women's Suffrage and Party Politics in Britain, 1866-1914. SPH, 1967. Print. †¢ Strachey, Ray. Cause: a Short History of the Women's Movement in Great Britain. London: Virago, 1988. Print. †¢ Pugh, Martin. Women and the Women's Movement in Britain, 1914-1999. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000. Print.

Leadership Essay -- Communication, Accountability

REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE In this section of the paper, I will discuss current relevant literary articles that are related to ineffective leader skills, effective leadership skills, and inadequate communication skills. These scholarly references will show how others are dealing with the issues of ineffective leadership skill. It will also illustrate what can be done to improve poor leadership behavior. By reviewing these references, I will be able to help my organization become more successful. First, Allen and Dennis states leadership and accountability go hand in hand. This study shows that nurses are incompetent because they lack sufficient leadership skills. They do not have the ability and skills to manage with compassion and/or competence. Also, they do not empower their team to be sufficient. So why were they hired in the first place if they lacked the necessary skills to perform their jobs? Sometimes, organizations fill the opening because they are desperate to get help. But this causes hospitals to fail. When managers are ineffective, there is overall failure. Managers and nurses alike lose sight of their purpose because they are overworked and lack guidance from senior management. They are told to work harder and smarter but do not have the necessary tools to perform their jobs successfully. By providing efficient training and tools, these nurses were able to provide better care and became more sufficient (Allen and Dennis, 2010). Another problem is ineffective communication. According Herman Aguinis, managers should listen to others, process the information and communicate effectively. They should also instill trust and provide proper direction to their team. As leaders, they should guide, develop and motivate to im... ...s fail to change their culture, they are bound to be unsuccessful (Want, 2006). Finally, according to Wilkins there are more than 11 million employees working in the field of healthcare services. To retain these employees, leaders should be equipped to keep these employees motivated. A national study was done in 2003 through 2004 by Healthcare@Work showed healthcare employees have the lowest level of commitment to their job. The study indicated that healthcare managers are lacking the necessary leadership skills that keep employees committed and motivated. The study also showed that healthcare organizations should look deeper into its management culture and rethink the effectiveness of its current leaders. Healthcare@Work found that challenges in the workplace if ineffective leadership and what steps needs to be done to improve this problem (Wilkins, 2004).

Effect of Art Essay

Traditionally, we have believed that art imitates life. The painter represents what he or she sees by producing a scene on a canvas. The sculptor does the same with bronze or stone. A photographer or film maker does it even more directly. A writer describes life in his or her books. This simple concept is known as mimesis. But some have questioned the one-way nature of mimesis by arguing that art also changes the way we view the world, and in fact, life sometimes imitates art rather than the other way around. The person who first articulated this belief effectively was Oscar Wilde. Speaking about the foggy conditions in London in the late 19th century, he wrote that the way we perceive them changed because of art. Referring to the â€Å"wonderful brown fogs that come creeping down our streets, blurring the gas lamps and turning houses into shadows† he argued that â€Å"poets and painters have taught [people] the loveliness of such effects†. According to Wilde, â€Å"They did not exist till Art had invented them.† And you don’t have to look too far to see anti-mimesis in our lives. To what extent is our outlook on life altered by ideas we read in books? The portrayal of people in films? The styles we see in fashion photography? One great example of this is the TV series The Sopranos, and how it affected both the Mafia in the USA and the FBI. Art’s influence on society: propaganda and censorship Throughout history, it has always been the case that art has the power to change society, especially when new media are used to express an idea. During the First World War, for example, movie cameras were used for the first time to record trench warfare – when the film was shown in cinemas in Britain, audiences ran out screaming. This led to the government censoring further such use of such a powerful medium. And in government censorship, and use of art as propaganda, we see how seriously governments take the effect of art. All of the major dictators of the C20th understood the power of art to influence the population. In Nazi Germany, Hitler set up the Ministry of Propaganda and National Enlightenment. It was headed by Goebbels, who made sure that nothing was published, performed, or exhibited without his approval. When this happens, you know there isn’t going to be a happy ending. And what Goebbels approved, of course, only fit in with Nazi ideology and ideas. In terms of art, this meant no modern and abstract art, certainly nothing hostile to the regime, and nothing that featured images other than the stereotypical blonde-haired, blue eyed set in idyllic pastoral scenes of blissful happiness. In Stalinist Russia, there was also a keen understanding of the power of art. Art portrayed contented peasants, industrious workers, and Stalin himself. In fact, Stalin was shown god-like in many paintings, a phenomenon known as the Cult of Stalin. Just as in Germany, gigantic architectural projects expressed the power of the state. However, there is no doubt that in Russia there were greater artistic achievements than in Nazi Germany. Composers worked with fewer hindrances – as seen in the works by Prokoviev and Shostakovich, and film-makers such as Eisenstein emerged. Art’s influence on society: the trial of Lady Chatterley’s Lover But even under less oppressive governments, the artistic expression of certain ideas can be subject to control. One great example is the book ‘Lady Chatterley’s Lover’ by DH Lawrence, which was deemed offensive on many levels. In this book, Constance Reid, a woman from a progressive liberal middle class family marries a minor member of the aristocracy, Lord Clifford Chatterley, and takes the title ‘Lady Chatterley’. But her husband is injured in the First World War, confined to a wheelchair, and left impotent. Despite this, he becomes a successful writer and businessman. It is more his obsession with financial success and fame rather than any physical difficulties which come between him and his wife, and she begins an affair with their gamekeeper, Oliver Mellors. The largely aristocratic ‘establishment’ of Britain at the time – the book was published in Italy in 1928 – were shocked by many aspects of the book. First, there was the fact that the book was ‘obscene’, in the way it went into explicit detail the affair that took place (see below). Second, there was the fact that a women was breaking her marriage vows, something considered far worse than a man behaving in the same way. Finally, it represented an intimate relationship between a member of the ‘lower’ classes (although it emerges during the story that Mellors is actually well-educated, and became an officer in the army during the First World War) and the ‘upper’ classes, a concept that was totally taboo in Britain at that time. The book was duly banned. But the book was republished by Penguin books in 1960. The attorney general, Reginald Manningham-Buller (dubbed ‘Bullying-Manners’ by the journalist and author Bernard Levin) had to read only four chapters to decide to prosecute Penguin books for publishing it. What annoyed him was not just the content, but the fact that the price of the book meant it was affordable to women and members of the lower classes (remember that only few women worked at this time, and husbands were generally in charge of family finances). The trial was a disaster for Manningham-Buller and the prosecution. They had failed to find any experts to support their case, in stark contrast to Penguin’s defence team, which had brought in authors, journalists, academics, and even members of the clergy to defend the book. Manningham-Buller and his team had very little idea of what Lawrence had been trying to express in his book, regularly being caught out by the superior insight of the witnesses they were trying to catch out. And although they tried to shock the jury – in his opening speech, Manningham-Buller announced: â€Å"The word ‘fuck’ or ‘fucking’ appears no less than 30 times . . . ‘Cunt’ 14 times; ‘balls’ 13 times; ‘shit’ and ‘arse’ six times apiece; ‘cock’ four times; ‘piss’ three times, and so on.† – they were unable to prove that the book would have a negative influence on the readers it was aimed at. According to the Guardian: No other jury verdict in British history has had such a deep social impact. Over the next three months Penguin sold 3m copies of the book – an example of what many years later was described as â€Å"the Spycatcher effect†, by which the attempt to suppress a book through unsuccessful litigation serves only to promote huge sales. The jury – that iconic representative of democratic society – had given its imprimatur to ending the taboo on sexual discussion in art and entertainment. Within a few years the stifling censorship of the theatre by the lord chamberlain had been abolished, and a gritty realism emerged in British cinema and drama. (Saturday Night and Sunday Morning came out at the same time as the unexpurgated Lady Chatterley, and very soon Peter Finch was commenting on Glenda Jackson’s â€Å"tired old tits† in Sunday Bloody Sunday and Ken Tynan said the first â€Å"fuck† on the BBC.) Homosexuality was decriminalised, abortions were available on reasonable demand, and in order to obtain a divorce it was unnecessary to prove that a spouse had committed the â€Å"matrimonial crime† of adultery. Judges no longer put on black caps to sentence prisoners to hang by the neck until dead. Can we say, though, that it was art in this case that changed society, or was it an interaction between human sciences (ie, the law) and the arts (the book) that led to change? This is from the same Guardian article: †¦the message of Lady Chatterley’s Lover, half a century after the trial, is that literature in itself does no harm at all. The damage that gets attributed to books – and to plays and movies and cartoons – is caused by the actions of people who try to suppress them.